marți, 7 noiembrie 2017
· se crede că Lisabona a fost întemeiată de către Fenicieni
Lisabona (port. Lisboa) este capitala Portugaliei și are 550.000 locuitori (2.900.000 în zona metropolitană) conform statisticilor din anul 2001. Este plasată pe costa de vest a țării, la Oceanul Atlantic, unde râul Tejo (Tagus), se varsă în ocean. Inima orașului este „Baixa” sau "Orașul de Jos", zonă unde se află Castelul São Jorge și Catedrala Santa Maria Maior. Cel mai vechi cartier al orașului este Alfama, aproape de râul Tejo. Alte monumente importante: Mănăstirea Jerónimos, Turnul Belém, etc.
„Mănăstirea Jerónimos” și „Turnul Belém” din Lisabona au fost înscrise în anul 1983 pe lista patrimoniului cultural mondial UNESCO.
Cele mai importante industrii active în Lisabona sunt cele ale oțelului, textilă, chimică, ceramică, construcției de nave și a pescuitului.
Tramvaiul este un vehicul feroviar urban destinat, de obicei, transportului de pasageri.
Tramvaiul, fiind un vehicul feroviar, poate fi compus din unul sau mai multe corpuri, respectiv vagoane. Primelor tramvaie electrice li se puteau adăuga remorci, respectiv vagoane nemotorizate tractate de vagonul motor. Cu timpul s-a trecut la utilizarea articulațiilor de tip burduf. Tramvaiele vechi puteau avea, în general, maxim 3 corpuri legate prin intermediul a două burdufuri. Avantajul tramvaielor articulate fiind trecerea dintr-un vagon în altul prin burduf, economisindu-se astfel spațiu și devenind astfel mult mai eficient. Există și cazuri când se cuplează două sau mai multe vagoane motor, acestea necesitând în majoritatea cazurilor să aibă toate pantografele ridicate pentru a menține motoarele tuturor vagoanelor motor pornite. Această soluție se practică de obicei doar în cazul tramvaielor de tip vechi, nearticulate, pentru a crește capacitatea de transport a garniturii. Majoritatea tramvaielor noi sunt modulare, acest aspect permițându-le cumpărătorilor să specifice numărul de corpuri și alte cerințe particulare, precum designul interior și amplasamentul scaunelor, pentru a putea exploata vehiculul pe infrastructura specifică a orașului respectiv.
Articulated trams, invented and first used by the Boston Elevated Railway in 1912–13
A tram (also tramcar; and in North America streetcar, trolley or trolley car) is a rail vehicle which runs on tracksalong public urban streets, and also sometimes on a segregated right of way.[1] The lines or networks operated by tramcars are called tramways. Tramways powered by electricity, the most common type historically, were once called electric street railways (mainly in the United States) due to their being widely used in urban areas before the universal adoption of electrification.
Tram lines may also run between cities and towns (for example, interurbans, tram-train) or even countries (Basel, Strasbourg), or be partially grade-separated even in the cities (light rail). Very occasionally, trams also carry freight. Tram vehicles are usually lighter and shorter than conventional trains and rapid transit trains, but the size of trams (particularly light rail vehicles) is rapidly increasing. Some trams (for instance tram-trains) may also run on ordinary railway tracks, a tramway may be upgraded to a light rail or a rapid transit line, two urban tramways may be connected to an interurban, etc. For all these reasons, the differences between the various modes of rail transportation are often indistinct. In the United States, the term tram has sometimes been used for rubber-tired trackless trains, which are not related to the other vehicles covered in this article.
Today, most trams use electrical power, usually fed by an overhead pantograph; in some cases by a sliding shoe on a third rail, trolley pole or bow collector. If necessary, they may have dual power systems—electricity in city streets, and diesel in more rural environments. Trams are now commonly included in the wider term "light rail",[2][full citation needed]which also includes segregated systems. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram
hungary city
Hungary has 3,152 localities as of July 1, 2009. 328 towns (Hungarian term: város, plural: városok; the terminology doesn't distinguish between cities and towns – the term town is used in official translations) and 2,824 villages (Hungarian: község, plural: községek). The number of towns can change, since villages can be elevated to town status by act of the President. The capital Budapest has a special status and is not included in any county while 23 of the towns are so-called urban counties (megyei jogú város – town with county rights). All county seats except Budapest are urban counties.
Four of the cities (Budapest, Miskolc, Győr, and Pécs) have agglomerations, and the Hungarian Statistical Office distinguishes seventeen other areas in earlier stages of agglomeration development.[1]The largest city is the capital, Budapest, the smallest town is Pálháza with 1038 inhabitants (2010). The largest village is Solymár (population: 10,123 as of 2010) There are more than 100 villages with fewer than 100 inhabitants while the smallest villages have fewer than 20 inhabitants.
Tramvai TATRA T4R din Cehia
Today, most trams use electrical power
Today, most trams use electrical power, usually fed by an overhead pantograph; in some cases by a sliding shoe on a third rail, trolley pole or bow collector. If necessary, they may have dual power systems—electricity in city streets, and diesel in more rural environments. Trams are now commonly included in the wider term "light rail",which also includes segregated systems.
The stock photo industry, which began to gain hold in the 1920
The stock photo industry, which began to gain hold in the 1920s, has established models including traditional macrostock photography, midstock photography, and microstock photography. Conventional stock agencies charge from several hundred to several thousand American dollars per image, while microstock photography may sell for around USD 25 cents. Professional stock photographers traditionally place their images with one or more stock agencies on a contractual basis, while stock agencies may accept the high-quality photos of amateur photographers through online submission
metropolitan area
A metropolitan area, sometimes referred to as a metro area, greater area, commuter belt or conurbation, is a region consisting of a densely populated urban coreand its less-populated surrounding territories, sharing industry, infrastructure, and housing. A metro area usually comprises multiple jurisdictions and municipalities: neighborhoods, townships, boroughs, cities, towns, exurbs, suburbs, counties, districts, states, and even nations like the eurodistricts. As social, economic and political institutions have changed, metropolitan areas have become key economic and political regions. Metropolitan areas include one or more urban areas, as well as satellite cities, towns and intervening rural areas that are socio-economically tied to the urban core, typically measured by commuting patterns.
For urban centres outside metropolitan areas, that generate a similar attraction at smaller scale for their region, the concept of the regiopolis and respectively regiopolitan area or regio was introduced by German professors in 2006
Hong Kong Tramways
Hong Kong Tramways (Chinese: 香港電車) is a tram system in Hong Kong and one of the earliest forms of public transport in the metropolis. Owned and operated by RATP Dev Transdev, the tramway runs on Hong Kong Islandbetween Shau Kei Wan and Kennedy Town, with a branch circulating through Happy Valley.
Trams in Hong Kong have not only been a form of commuter transport for over 110 years, but also a major tourist attraction and one of the most environmentally friendly ways of travelling in Hong Kong.[2] The tram system is the only one in the world operated exclusively with double-decker trams, and is one of only three non-heritage tram systems in the world that use double-deck cars the others being Blackpool Tramway, United Kingdom and Alexandria Tram, Egypt.
The tram is the cheapest mode of public transport on the island. The comparatively affordable fare is highlighted by Hong Kong Tramways' advertising slogan: "Hop on 1. $2.3. Tram so easy!"
A tram (also tramcar; and in North America streetcar, trolley or trolley car)
A tram (also tramcar; and in North America streetcar, trolley or trolley car) is a rail vehicle which runs on tracksalong public urban streets, and also sometimes on a segregated right of way.The lines or networks operated by tramcars are called tramways. Tramways powered by electricity, the most common type historically, were once called electric street railways (mainly in the United States) due to their being widely used in urban areas before the universal adoption of electrification.
Tram lines may also run between cities and towns (for example, interurbans, tram-train) or even countries (Basel, Strasbourg), or be partially grade-separated even in the cities (light rail). Very occasionally, trams also carry freight. Tram vehicles are usually lighter and shorter than conventional trains and rapid transit trains, but the size of trams (particularly light rail vehicles) is rapidly increasing. Some trams (for instance tram-trains) may also run on ordinary railway tracks, a tramway may be upgraded to a light rail or a rapid transit line, two urban tramways may be connected to an interurban, etc. For all these reasons, the differences between the various modes of rail transportation are often indistinct. In the United States, the term tram has sometimes been used for rubber-tired trackless trains, which are not related to the other vehicles covered in this article.
Today, most trams use electrical power, usually fed by an overhead pantograph; in some cases by a sliding shoe on a third rail, trolley pole or bow collector. If necessary, they may have dual power systems—electricity in city streets, and diesel in more rural environments. Trams are now commonly included in the wider term "light rail",which also includes segregated systems.
tram bus in kolkata
The tram system in the city of Kolkata, West Bengal, India, operated by the Calcutta Tramways Company (CTC), is currently the only tram network operating in India.It is the oldest operating electric tram in Asia, running since 1902.Trams were the brainchild of the then-Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon. His motives were to ensure better public transport for inhabitants and better passage of goods from ports and dockyards to their destinations.
san francisco trolley
The San Francisco cable car system is the world's last manually operated cable car system. An icon of San Francisco, the cable car system forms part of the intermodal urban transport network operated by the San Francisco Municipal Railway. Of the 23 lines established between 1873 and 1890,only three remain (one of which combines parts of two earlier lines): two routes from downtown near Union Square to Fisherman's Wharf, and a third route along California Street. While the cable cars are used to a certain extent by commuters, the vast majority of their 7 million annual passengers are tourists.They are among the most significant tourist attractions in the city, along with Alcatraz Island, the Golden Gate Bridge, and Fisherman's Wharf. The cable cars are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The cable cars are not to be confused with San Francisco's heritage streetcars, which operate on Market Street and the Embarcadero.
sâmbătă, 9 septembrie 2017
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